Polymer capacitors are electronic components used to store and release charge. They are a type of capacitor whose operation is based on the electric field effect and the properties of the dielectric. In polymer capacitors, two conductors are separated by an insulating material (dielectric), which is typically a polymer material such as polypropylene or polyethylene.

When the capacitor is connected to a power source, an electric field is generated between the positive and negative terminals. This electric field causes electrons in the dielectric to move between the positive and negative terminals, creating a charge distribution in the dielectric. This charge distribution causes the molecules in the dielectric to rearrange, forming a polarized electric field. This polarized electric field increases the capacitance of the capacitor, allowing it to store more charge.

When the capacitor is disconnected from the power source, the electrons in the dielectric rearrange, releasing the charge stored in the capacitor. This process of releasing charge is a discharge process, and the capacitor gradually loses the stored charge until it is completely discharged.

Polymer capacitors have many advantages, such as small size, light weight, long lifespan, and good stability. They are widely used in electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and televisions. In these devices, polymer capacitors can be used as filters, couplers, storage devices, etc.

In conclusion, the operation of polymer capacitors is based on the electric field effect and the properties of the dielectric. By creating a charge distribution and a polarized electric field in the dielectric, they can store and release charge, enabling the normal operation of electronic devices. Polymer capacitors play an important role in modern electronics, bringing convenience and efficiency to our lives.